Hu LH, Huo R, Peng W, Chow WK, Yang RX (2006) On the maximum smoke temperature under the ceiling in tunnel fires. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 21(6), 650-655. [In English]

Web link:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2005.10.003

Keywords:

maximum smoke temperature, tunnel fire, longitudinal ventilation, velocity, full-scale tests, CFD simulation, FDS, longitudinal ventilation systems, flow,

Abstract: Maximum smoke temperature under the ceiling in a tunnel fire was studied experimentally and numerically. Full-scale burning tests in two vehicular tunnels of length 3.27 and 1.032 km with and without operating the longitudinal ventilation system were carried out. Smoke temperatures at selected positions under the ceiling were measured under different longitudinal ventilation velocities. Two different pool fires of 1.6 and 3 MW were set up. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations with Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) version 3.10 were carried out on those scenarios. CFD predicted smoke temperatures were firstly verified by comparing with the measured values at those selected positions, and then compared with the calculated values using the empirical equation due to Kurioka et al. Fairly good agreement was achieved, though the slope of the tunnel was not considered in this empirical equation. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.