L. M. Li, X. D. Cheng, Y. Cui, W. H. Dong and Z. B. Mei (2013) Estimation of smoke arrival time in tunnel fires. Journal/Tunnelling And Underground Space Technology 38 431-434. [In English]
Web link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2013.08.002
Keywords: Tunnel fire, Smoke arrival time, Temperature distribution, Fire risk, LONGITUDINAL VENTILATION, TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION, CRITICAL VELOCITY, INDUCED FLOW, GASES, MODEL
Abstract: The estimation of smoke arrival time in tunnel fires is helpful to comprehensive fire risk assessment and effective fire evacuation, while few studies focused on this topic. A model to estimate the arrival time of fire smoke in tunnels is derived based on the smoke temperature distribution along the tunnel ceiling. The predictions from the model are compared to experimental data from one past study, which shows good agreements. The influencing factors of the smoke arrival time are studied based on the model. Results show that the Stanton number is the main influencing factor. The smoke arrival time increases with the increase of the Stanton number. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.