Wang XS, Zhao XD, Zhang Y, Cai X, Gu R, Xu HL (2009) Experimental Study on the Interaction of a Water Drop Impacting on Hot Liquid Surfaces. Journal of Fire Sciences 27(6), 545-559. [In English]

Web link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734904109339615

Keywords:

drop impact, droplet splashing, droplet bouncing, water mist, fire, suppression, molten-metal droplets, heated solid-surface, diffusion flame, weber, number, pool fire, mist, dynamics, extinction

Abstract: This article presents the results of experimental investigation of water drop impacting on surfaces of different fuel liquids, such as alcohol, kerosene, and molten-ghee, which are typical fuels for liquid pool fire study or typical fire source in historical buildings. Each of the liquids was heated to simulate the temperature conditions as it burns, although the temperature is still a little lower than the real one. The impacting processes were recorded using a high-speed digital camera with 1000fps. The results show that the liquid physical properties, such as surface tension, viscosity, and miscibility, have primary influences on the drop impact behavior except for drop Weber number, and liquid temperature mainly influences the size of the splashed drops and bouncing height of the jet. The drop liquid is ejected for water-alcohol impact, while the bulk liquid is ejected for water-kerosene impact. The drop immersed into the liquid when it impacts on molten-ghee surface, no splashing and drop rebounding occur in this case.